Poking Around Booger Hole Slough: 25 September 2015

IBWOH's:  Brian Carlisle, Chris Carlisle.

Summary:  Encouraged by our findings in the Otter Pond area in the far north of the Pascagoula Wildlife Management Area (WMA), my brother Brian and I decided to follow up with a trip to Booger Hole Slough, a small lake a little over a mile (as the crow flies) to the north of Otter Pond, and which effectively marks the northern limit of the WMA.  We were obliged to take a different road into the WMA from the highway, in order to put our kayaks into the Pascagoula River a few hundred yards below what looked to be a channel off the river; we planned to follow the channel inland as far as we could, then strike out overland for Booger Hole Slough, which lay nearby.

The morning dawned fair and cool; the thermometer in Brian's truck read 61 degrees (Fahrenheit).  There were no clouds.  The access road first plunged through young pine plantation on private land, before winding through middle-aged mixed cypress/bottomland hardwood forest in the WMA.  Long, narrow Cochran Dead River, an oxbow being slowly but surely consumed by the forest, lay partially hidden by cypresses and mist and the predawn gloom off to our right.  We arrived at the landing (really just a wide, flat, grassy space along the riverbank) with the dawn.

 Brian readies his camera equipment before we embark.  The wide, flat top of the sandbar opposite marks a higher water line, reflecting this region's current drought conditions.

Downstream view. 

Our upstream route.  Another giant sandbar lies exposed by the low water.

We put in and paddled north.  The water was rather warm to the touch.  Brian soon left me behind, and we maneuvered around half-submerged trees and sandbars looming inches beneath the surface; I nevertheless grounded the Kuhn more than once.  We saw no other signs of humans as we traveled, and heard only the distant growl of a boat motor on Cochran Dead River.

After what seemed an inordinate amount of time, we still had not located the channel that we believed should have materialized off to our left.  We beached upon another sandbar on the River's west bank to have a look round, and found the channel (such as it was) soon enough.

 Killdeer on the west bank.

The mouth of the bone-dry channel. 

Chickadees, warblers, and a downy woodpecker busied themselves among the black willows and sycamores along the channel.

We decided to hike the dry channel bed as far as we could, before striking out into the woods in hopes of hitting either a trail, or Booger Hole Slough itself.  Willow, sycamore, and river birch crowded the channel, with the occasional beech or loblolly pine on higher ridges; wide stretches of briars, often covered by muscadine vines, interrupted the forest beyond.  We saw few large trees of any species.  The trees on either side helped form the channel into a sort of shadowy tunnel.  A pair of wild turkeys took off from their roost, startling me with their heavy wingbeats, and a barred owl glided silently down the tunnel, over my head as I knelt, before veering off into the trees far beyond.

(Photo:  Brian Carlisle.)

Eventually, nearing what we believed to be the end of the channel on a high bank over the River, we veered off overland through a young tupelo swamp forest:

Here, as in the Otter Pond area, the swamp had dried out, leaving a rather open, grassy floor that was easy to navigate.  The trees here are much smaller, though.

The GPS on Brian's phone worked, so we navigated the youngish woods a while, eventually coming to a trail, and Booger Hole Slough.

 (Photo:  Brian Carlisle.)

(Photo:  Brian Carlisle.)

The lake is quite lovely and is surrounded by older mixed bottomland woods and cypress/tupelo swamp forest.  Gray squirrels were abundant.  Red-bellied woodpeckers busied themselves in the trees along the shoreline.  Anhinga, great blue heron, and great egret fished the lake's waters as wood ducks wheeled in their whistling flight overhead.  Brian spied a small flock of white ibis, as well as a couple of Louisiana waterthrush, species that will soon abandon these lands, for a little while.

Farther to the north, the woods begin to fail again, and the cross-country traveller faces rather daunting, nearly impassable swathes of vine-covered blackberry.  We followed the path around the lake, noting the many "POSTED, NO FISHING OR TRESPASSING" signs round about which marked the end of the WMA,  There were a few impressive trees, and some woodpecker sign.

A massive, triple-crowned red oak.

Natural cavity in a large sycamore.

The path led us back to the young tupelo wood, and we knew we'd explored the area as fully as we probably could, or needed to.  We made our way back to the dry channel, to the kayaks, and made the easy return float back down the River to our landing.

The butterflies had awakened while we hiked, and were numerous near the channel mouth.  (Photo:  Brian Carlisle.) 

A hog wallow in the channel's sandy bed. 

Brian strolls the sandbar opposite our landing.

Conclusions:  This parcel, the extreme northern outlier of the Pascagoula Wildlife Management Area, is marked by primarily younger woods, with more mature stands round about Booger Hole Slough itself; as such, I do not believe it worth our time to revisit, as it may be of value to any remaining resident Ivorybills mostly as part of a habitat corridor formed by the River itself, linking the great forests of the Pascagoula River Swamp to the south with similar habitats farther up the River, and eventually with stands along the Leaf River and the enormous DeSoto National Forest to the northwest.  This great corridor formed by the Pascagoula and its tributaries to the vast forests of south Mississippi is one major reason why I believe the area should be a primary focus for the search for evidence of the continued existence of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers.  Habitat fragmentation in other regions may have long ago contributed to the end of elusive, remnant populations of Ivorybills; if the species survived the great deforestation of South Mississippi during the last century (the destructive scope and scale of which we can probably not properly appreciate), they would have found the interconnectedness of the region's forests well-suited to their large home ranges.

So I like to think, and to hope.

Across the Pascagoula: Otter Pond and Beyond, 17 September 2015

IBWOH's:  Brian Carlisle, Chris Carlisle.

Summary:  With autumn fast approaching, and milder weather prevailing here in south Mississippi, I have been anxious to return to the remarkable Pascagoula Basin to resume the search for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker.  The opportunity came today, and my steadfast brother Brian and I made plans for a return hike to the Hutson Lake area, in the northern half of the Pascagoula River Wildlife Management Area.

Late in the evening before the trip, Brian messaged me and asked if I had considered an area in the extreme north of the WMA, sandwiched between some private property and the west bank of the river.  I had never seriously considered it, due to the probable lack of public access, but after glancing at the area on Google Earth, I thought it might hold some promising habitat -- specifically, bottomland hardwood forest, cypress-tupelo swamp forest, and upland pine forest; such a combination of diverse woodland habitat in a small area would certainly be worth checking out, I thought, since I tend to agree with Mark at Project Coyote regarding the potential of mature pine forest in the search for the Ivorybill.  (Please see Mark's intriguing essay on the subject at their site here, also linked at right.)  Besides, it would be exciting to explore a totally new area within the Pascagoula River region.  I quickly searched for access roads, and hammered out a route and a roundabout hike around nearby Davis Dead Lake, a large oxbow, that would lead us to the area, centered on a vague, smallish, boggy-looking body of water named Otter Pond.  I texted my plans to Brian, who quickly pointed out that we could access Otter Pond much easier by simply driving to a nearby boat ramp on the east bank of the Pascagoula River, and paddling downstream a few hundred yards to the sharp bend, behind which Otter Pond lies.

That gave me pause.  The Pascagoula is broad and, I imagined, rather deep in its channel.  I do not yet consider myself an experienced kayaker, and the thought of capsizing far from shore in a fast-moving, large Southern river made me lose my appetite.  My misgivings eventually had to make way for the explorer's impulse, which seems to run strong in my family and is no doubt to blame for a fair number of misfortunes therein.  I texted Brian my approval, secured my kayak, the Kuhn, and went to bed, trying not to think about any number of things that might swim up the Pascagoula from the Gulf of Mexico, to lie in wait in the river near Otter Pond.  (My parents took me to see Jaws when I was six years old.)

A grey, cloudy dawn found us at the boat launch, approximately 1.8 miles north of Mississippi Highway 26.  Temperatures were in the 70's (Fahrenheit), with a nice breeze -- a true blessing in Mississippi, with a week left in summer.  A pair of ospreys greeted us, and I was lucky enough to see one slam into the slow-moving water after its prey.  We slid the kayaks down the very steep boat launch and into the river; due to the angle of approach, the stern of each kayak dipped deep into the river before bobbing up again, so that both our asses were immediately soaked.  A bad omen, I thought; but the ospreys were hunting still, following us downriver in seeming encouragement, and we quickly crossed the swift channel near the launch to the calmer waters of the opposite shore.  In fact, I have never seen the Pascagoula River so low; it was, in fact, at a lower ebb than the normally much smaller Black Creek during flood stage, which we experienced with fellow hunter Richard Ezell earlier this year.  The hull of the Kuhn scraped the sandy riverbed, and several times I found myself scooting the kayak over sandbars in the tea-colored water.

In... 

Through... 

...and beyond.

We beached our kayaks near what we believed would be Otter Pond, and hiked past a black willow grove, up a gentle bank, through tall brush, and into the woods.

This is what we saw first:

Beautiful, mature second- and third-growth mixed bottomland hardwood and cypress/tupelo swamp forest, with a path running roughly northeast-southwest.  We decided to follow the path northeastward, and walked through some very nice hardwood forest habitat, with many different types of trees -- swamp chestnut oak, water oak, sycamore, holly, red maple, green ash, magnolia, what I believe to be pignut hickory, and shagbark hickory.  We also came upon a type of tree that we could not at first identify, having shaggy bark similar to that of shagbark hickory, but with much smaller, willowy leaves.

 Natural cavity in a sycamore.

 We could not at first identify this tree species in the foreground.  Brian later correctly identified it as water hickory.  Interesting that, after all our time in the woods in this region, we still discover tree species new to us.

Another view, showing a large natural cavity.

Birds were abundant in the older woods.  We heard red-bellied and pileated woodpeckers.  Ubiquitous warblers, likely in their fall migration to the tropics, busied themselves in the forest canopy; late in the hike, I would get my first decent glimpse of a black-and-white warbler in many years.  A broad-winged hawk allowed Brian several nice photos before moving on.  Deer were more common in this area than any other in the Pascagoula Basin that I have been in.  We saw no wild hogs.  I needed no insect repellent.  The forest grew younger (and quieter, tellingly) the farther we went, so after about a mile we turned around and made our way back.

The open, grassy cypress/tupelo swamp forest lay invitingly off to our right, and Brian suggested we explore it.  We quickly decided that we were walking in what was probably Otter Pond, now Otter Glade.

Canopy view.  Imagine scanning this constantly for a shadowy, quiet bird the size of a crow or small hawk, all the while avoiding holes, snakes, spiderwebs, poison ivy, and briars. 

 Medium-sized woodpecker cavity in a dead cypress.

 Woodpecker work (likely red-bellied or pileated) on a recently-dead tupelo.

The going got rougher as we made our way to the south and west; it appeared that a tornado had passed over, as there were many downed trees of large size, and others leaned crazily this way and that:

The storm-tossed swamp forest.

We exited Otter Pond-Glade, and followed the trail southwestward, passing through some hardwood forest bordering on mature pine, and the occasional cypress/tupelo slough.  The trail petered out, so we held to our course, keeping the Pascagoula within sight to our left.  Not far from a bluff overlooking the river, Brian spied this nice-sized woodpecker cavity in a living cypress:

 A mantis measures the cavity dimensions.

We poked around the brush at the base of the cypress.  "Chris!" Brian said excitedly, and picked up a black and white feather:

 Dryocopus pileatus feather.

It was only the second pileated woodpecker feather I have seen just lying about, so it was cause for some (albeit muted) celebration.  

Here, as in other parts of these woods, woodpecker feeding sign was not difficult to find.  This was one of the more interesting examples, on a tree that was still alive or very recently dead (the wood was still quite hard):

Markings on this tree are somewhat similar to those on a tree found by John Agnew in the Choctawhatchee River basin in 2008, referred to as "A tree where Ivory Bills have been foraging" in the account of his encounter at this site; but see also notes by Holzman and Sykes regarding pileated and Ivorybill feeding sign here.   (NOTE:  Links corrected 9/20/2015.)  I was drawn to the odd horizontal "chop" marks, which are to my eye rather unlike the horizontal drilling seen upon a dead tulip poplar in this photo, and to the tree in the Agnew photo as well.  (Thanks to Mark Michaels of Project Coyote for his thoughts on the subject, and for direction to both the Holzman/Sykes paper and the photo from the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Forum.)

Finding another wide trail, we kept on through big woods, hanging to the left past a fork.  At last, we found ourselves at one end of Davis Dead Lake, an oxbow sired by the changeable Pascagoula.

 Spanish moss lays heavy claim to this large water hickory.

 Davis Dead Lake.

Brian got some nice photos of a doe feeding near the water's edge.  Not far past the lake, the forest grew much younger as it neared the end of WMA land, so we retraced our steps to the last fork in the trail.  A short hike led us to a lovely small pond, this time with real water in it.  A sign named a nearby recently-plowed, small field as Beaver Pond Field.  

A fruit-laden quince (correctly identified by Brian), growing at the edge of Beaver Pond Field. 

My camera could not quite capture a good photo of a woodpecker cavity in a living cypress on the opposite side of Beaver Pond.

Another woodpecker cavity, this one in a dying tupelo surrounded by water.

Brian nearly stepped on a fawn, which burst from the soft ground near the water's edge and tore through the brush in front of me to vanish in the woods.  A lone white ibis circled overhead, while a great blue and a little blue heron watched us from the pond's far corners.  We paused for a while, taking pictures and eating snacks, before heading back to the kayaks.

The butterflies had since awakened, many of them fluttering about the flowers along the banks of the river.

We even spied a lone monarch, who would not suffer his picture being taken.

A yellow-bellied water snake had found shady refuge beneath my kayak during our hike.  He went on his way, albeit unwillingly, and we turned our boats into the current for the return paddle to the launch.

Last view of the mixed forest along the bend of the river.

We kept to the shallows as long as we could, out of the current.  Low water obliged us to half drag, half float our kayaks for most of the way; we collected some nice driftwood for our aquariums as we went.  After hauling our craft up the steep launch, I took a long, last look at the river.  I did not want to leave.

Conclusions:  Some more work is likely necessary here.  Although it is a small area -- compared to the vastness of Big Swamp and other habitats in the Pascagoula River complex -- its diversity of mature forest types, remoteness, and relative inaccessibility to humans give it high marks in my book as habitat favorable to Ivorybills.  It was one of our most exciting, rewarding days in the field.

Bonus:  Some of Brian's beautiful photos from that day.